Interesting Facts on Stroke: What Everyone Should Know

Introduction

Stroke is a serious medical emergency that affects millions of people worldwide. Learning the facts about stroke can help you recognise it early and save a life — possibly your own or a loved one's.

Key Facts About Stroke

• Stroke is the second leading cause of death and the leading cause of disability worldwide
• In India, stroke affects approximately 1.8 million people every year
• Stroke can happen at any age — including children and young adults
• Up to 80% of strokes are preventable through controlling risk factors
• Every minute counts — brain cells die at a rate of 1.9 million per minute during a stroke
• Treatment within 4.5 hours of symptom onset with clot-busting medication dramatically improves outcomes

Types of Stroke

• Ischaemic stroke (87%) — caused by a blood clot blocking a blood vessel in the brain
• Haemorrhagic stroke (13%) — caused by a blood vessel bursting in the brain
• TIA (Transient Ischaemic Attack) — a "mini stroke" that resolves within 24 hours but is a warning sign of a major stroke

Recognise Stroke with FAST

• F — Face drooping: Is one side of the face drooping? Ask the person to smile
• A — Arm weakness: Is one arm weak or numb? Ask them to raise both arms
• S — Speech difficulty: Is speech slurred or strange? Ask them to repeat a simple phrase
• T — Time to call emergency: If you notice any of these signs, call immediately

Risk Factors for Stroke

• High blood pressure — the most important risk factor
• Diabetes mellitus
• Heart disease and atrial fibrillation
• High cholesterol
• Smoking and tobacco use
• Obesity and physical inactivity
• Family history of stroke
• Previous TIA or stroke

Stroke Prevention

• Control blood pressure — target below 130/80 mmHg
• Manage diabetes and cholesterol
• Quit smoking immediately
• Exercise regularly — 150 minutes per week
• Eat a heart-healthy diet
• Limit alcohol consumption
• Take blood thinners if prescribed for atrial fibrillation